Ancient Indian Education System and Its Relevance in the Contemporary Indian Knowledge System
Sunita Sandeep Choudhary
Assistant Professor
Faculty of Commerce, SDT Kalani Degree College, Ulhasnagar-1
E-mail:sunitasandeep1622@gmail.com
Contact no. 9011112394
Abstract : This paper, titled “Ancient Indian Education System and Its Relevance in the Contemporary Indian Knowledge System,” examines the philosophical foundation, institutional structures, pedagogical practices, and continuing relevance of education in ancient India. Rooted in the traditions such as Vedanta, Samkhya, Buddhism, and Jainism, the ancient system emphasized holistic development, ethical conduct, self-realisation, and intellectual growth rather than mere vocational preparation. The four Vedas and the doctrine of karma significantly shaped educational ideals, values, and conduct. Education was imparted through both formal and informal institutions, including gurukulas, pathshalas, viharas, and renowned universities. Teaching methods such as oral transmission, chintan ( reflective thinking), debate (shastrath), memorization, and experiential learning formed the core pedagogical framework under the guru- sishya tradition. The study also evaluates access to education in relation to religion, caste, and gender, recognizing both inclusive and restrictive dimensions. Drawing upon historical and philosophical sources, it traces development from the Vedic period to the Gupta era and highlights the contribution to mathematics, astronomy, literature, and metallurgy. The paper further connects ancient educational principles with contemporary reforms, including a multidisciplinary approach and holistic learning frameworks. It concludes that integrating ethical reasoning, personalised mentorship, and value- based education from ancient traditions can significantly strengthen the modern Indian Knowledge system.
Keywords:Ancient Indian Education, Guru- Shishya Tradition, Holistic Learning, Vedic Education System, Indian Knowledge System (IKS), Multidisciplinary Education, Value- Based Education.
