ABSTRACT:“A Single Household, Countless Demands; A Single Nation, Boundless Duties.” Systems of governance have never stood still. From the informal authority of early tribal groups to the layered institutions of modern nation-states, the story of how societies organise power is one of constant adjustment, occasional collapse, and repeated reinvention, driven by the enduring human search for order, fairness, and workable collective life. This project traces that broader arc briefly before narrowing its focus to a specific five-year window, 2020 to 2025, examining the pressures the Indian government faced during this period and the steps it took in response. Running a household is widely considered demanding, yet a government carries that same responsibility multiplied across hundreds of millions of families, all while keeping the country’s long-term growth on track. What follows is a fact-based account of how India’s government withstood serious financial strain between 2020 and 2025 while continuing to run the country.

GOVERNING A BILLION-STRONG HOUSEHOLD: HOW INDIA'S GOVERNMENT STEERED THE ECONOMY, PUBLIC WELFARE, AND NATIONAL STABILITY (2020–2025)

DR. PRIYA V PANDHARPATTE