ABSTRACT: The ancient Indian education system was highly developed, organized, and knowledge-centric. Universities like Takshashila, Nalanda, Vikramshila, Vallabhi, and Odantapuri not only provided education but also promoted knowledge accumulation and research. This research paper studies the structure, teaching methods, and specifically the library traditions of ancient Indian universities.

Libraries were the main centers of knowledge in these universities. Notably, the "Dharmagunj" library of Nalanda University was world-famous, preserving thousands of manuscripts. These libraries were divided into various departments and contained texts on religion, philosophy, medicine, mathematics, and astronomy. The preservation, classification, and management of books were done very systematically. The teaching method was based on the Gurukul system, fostering a close bond between teachers and students. Students were encouraged to study library literature and conduct research, facilitating both knowledge creation and dissemination.

Another important feature of the ancient Indian library tradition was its international influence. Students from China, Tibet, Korea, and other countries came here to receive education and spread knowledge in their own countries. However, foreign invasions, the destruction of libraries, lack of royal patronage, and socio-political changes led to the decline of this great tradition. Specifically, the destruction of the Nalanda University library is considered a major loss in Indian history. Overall, ancient Indian universities and their library traditions were strong pillars of knowledge, research, and culture. This tradition is inspiring for today's modern library systems.

KEYWORDS: Ancient Indian Universities, Ancient Library System, Indian Education System (Ancient), Library Tradition, Nalanda University, Takshashila University, Vikramshila University, Manuscript Collection, Preservation and Conservation of Books, Knowledge Dissemination System, Indian Knowledge System (IKS), Buddhist Education Tradition.

ANCIENT INDIAN UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR LIBRARY TRADITION: A HISTORICAL STUDY

SONIA THAVIL
LIBRARY DEPARTMENT, CHHATRAPATI SHIKSHAN MANDAL'S ARTS AND COMMERCE COLLEGE, PADHAGHA.